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Agri-Food Vulnerability IndexResearch snapshot · not a live alert
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Eswatini

Follow the food-system dependencies and response capacity behind the score. Explore 2014–2023, one year at a time.

Headline snapshot: all seven indicators weighted equally, averaged across 20 filled-in datasets.

Compare this country
Composite score in 20230.5660–1 · higher is more vulnerable
World rank#6Of 178 countries · rank 1 is most vulnerable
Food-basket import dependency67.4%Calorie-weighted dependency profile

A decade in context

Eswatini
0.000.250.500.751.002014201520162017201820192020202120222023Eswatini, 2014: 0.511Eswatini, 2015: 0.514Eswatini, 2016: 0.551Eswatini, 2017: 0.535Eswatini, 2018: 0.494Eswatini, 2019: 0.517Eswatini, 2020: 0.518Eswatini, 2021: 0.494Eswatini, 2022: 0.539Eswatini, 2023: 0.566

Higher means more vulnerable. All countries share the same 0–1 scale. Shading shows the range across 20 imputations, not a confidence interval.

View exact chart values
YearEswatini
20140.5110.511–0.511
20150.5140.514–0.514
20160.5510.551–0.551
20170.5350.535–0.535
20180.4940.494–0.494
20190.5170.517–0.517
20200.5180.518–0.518
20210.4940.494–0.494
20220.5390.539–0.539
20230.5660.566–0.566

The seven indicators in 2023

Bars use direction-adjusted normalized values: longer always means more vulnerable. Values beside titles retain published units; raw and normalized fields may reflect different imputation stages.

Food import burden

18.0%

Food imports as a percentage of merchandise exports. Source observations are three-year averages; 100% is the scoring saturation threshold.

Production concentration

6,248

Concentration of domestic production by tonnes. Heavy products can dominate this provisional measure.

Climate exposure

0.676

Normalized cereal-yield and population projections. This projection-based component is largely constant over the study window, not annual weather.

Adaptive capacity

0.310

ND-GAIN readiness. Higher is better: stronger capacity to respond to a shock. Darker shading indicates lower readiness.

Behind the import-dependency figure

The score uses bounded dependency values. These additional measures retain the underlying trade picture.

Gross dependency, uncapped
69.1%
Can exceed 100% for processing or re-export hubs.
Net import dependency
63.9%
Imports minus exports, relative to domestic supply; negative for net exporters.
Self-sufficiency ratio
36.1%
Basket-weighted domestic production relative to supply.
Calorie coverage
89.2%
Share of basket calories with usable dependency ratios; standalone IDR ranking requires at least 80%.

Built for open inquiry.

Research context: Raghvendra Singh, TU München, BSc Management & Data Science.

This is academic context, not university endorsement. The research snapshot is presented separately from Verdantia’s current solo-founder company status.

Suggested citation: Mandawewala, S., Singh, R., and Doan, B. See the full source and citation details ↗

Read the research limitations ↗

Source: CEPII, BACI HS12 (V202601). Etalab Open Licence 2.0.

Source: FAO. FAOSTAT (Food Balance Sheets / Food Security), 2026. Licence CC BY 4.0. FAO does not endorse any products or services.

Source: University of Notre Dame, ND-GAIN Country Index, 2026 edition. CC BY 3.0.