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Agri-Food Vulnerability IndexResearch snapshot · not a live alert
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Netherlands

Follow the food-system dependencies and response capacity behind the score. Explore 2014–2023, one year at a time.

Headline snapshot: all seven indicators weighted equally, averaged across 20 filled-in datasets.

Compare this country
Composite score in 20230.3170–1 · higher is more vulnerable
World rank#95Of 178 countries · rank 1 is most vulnerable
Food-basket import dependency91.0%Calorie-weighted dependency profile

A decade in context

Netherlands
0.000.250.500.751.002014201520162017201820192020202120222023Netherlands, 2014: 0.291Netherlands, 2015: 0.299Netherlands, 2016: 0.307Netherlands, 2017: 0.308Netherlands, 2018: 0.308Netherlands, 2019: 0.304Netherlands, 2020: 0.306Netherlands, 2021: 0.311Netherlands, 2022: 0.314Netherlands, 2023: 0.317

Higher means more vulnerable. All countries share the same 0–1 scale. Shading shows the range across 20 imputations, not a confidence interval.

View exact chart values
YearNetherlands
20140.2910.291–0.291
20150.2990.299–0.299
20160.3070.307–0.307
20170.3080.308–0.308
20180.3080.308–0.308
20190.3040.304–0.304
20200.3060.306–0.306
20210.3110.311–0.311
20220.3140.314–0.314
20230.3170.317–0.317

The seven indicators in 2023

Bars use direction-adjusted normalized values: longer always means more vulnerable. Values beside titles retain published units; raw and normalized fields may reflect different imputation stages.

Food import burden

8.0%

Food imports as a percentage of merchandise exports. Source observations are three-year averages; 100% is the scoring saturation threshold.

Production concentration

1,624

Concentration of domestic production by tonnes. Heavy products can dominate this provisional measure.

Climate exposure

0.469

Normalized cereal-yield and population projections. This projection-based component is largely constant over the study window, not annual weather.

Adaptive capacity

0.670

ND-GAIN readiness. Higher is better: stronger capacity to respond to a shock. Darker shading indicates lower readiness.

Behind the import-dependency figure

The score uses bounded dependency values. These additional measures retain the underlying trade picture.

Gross dependency, uncapped
155.5%
Can exceed 100% for processing or re-export hubs.
Net import dependency
-15.3%
Imports minus exports, relative to domestic supply; negative for net exporters.
Self-sufficiency ratio
115.3%
Basket-weighted domestic production relative to supply.
Calorie coverage
99.9%
Share of basket calories with usable dependency ratios; standalone IDR ranking requires at least 80%.

Built for open inquiry.

Research context: Raghvendra Singh, TU München, BSc Management & Data Science.

This is academic context, not university endorsement. The research snapshot is presented separately from Verdantia’s current solo-founder company status.

Suggested citation: Mandawewala, S., Singh, R., and Doan, B. See the full source and citation details ↗

Read the research limitations ↗

Source: CEPII, BACI HS12 (V202601). Etalab Open Licence 2.0.

Source: FAO. FAOSTAT (Food Balance Sheets / Food Security), 2026. Licence CC BY 4.0. FAO does not endorse any products or services.

Source: University of Notre Dame, ND-GAIN Country Index, 2026 edition. CC BY 3.0.